: The complex process of converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose), including the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Understanding plant physiology is essential for addressing modern global challenges. From improving crop yields to ensure food security to understanding how forests sequester carbon to mitigate climate change, the study of how plants "work" remains a cornerstone of biological and environmental science.

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Formarea organelor vegetative (rădăcină, tulpină, frunze) și a celor de reproducere (flori, fructe, semințe). 4. Adaptarea la Mediu Răspunsul la stres: