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: Modern science has shifted from merely reducing "negative states" (suffering) to promoting "positive states" (pleasure and fulfillment). 2.2 Animal Rights: The Ethics of Justice

: There is a growing movement to grant animals legal rights similar to those of humans, moving them from the status of "property" to "rights holders". IV. Comparative Analysis: Welfare vs. Rights Animal Welfare Animal Rights Primary Goal Minimize suffering and distress. Abolish exploitation and use. Philosophical Basis Utilitarianism (balancing interests). Deontology (inherent moral rights). View on Meat Support "humane" slaughter and better conditions. Advocate for plant-based diets and ending animal farming. Legal Status Regulation of animal use. Legal personhood or "citizenship". V. Bridging the Gap Bestiality -27-