Because you debugged everything in Proteus, your physical prototype should work on the first power-up.
Most Proteus simulations use the standard LiquidCrystal_I2C library, which is pre-configured for the backpack. The JHD2X16-I2C often requires specific initialization that standard libraries don't provide out-of-the-box. 2. Required Libraries & Components
Assuming you have the exclusive model loaded, here is how to use it with an Arduino Uno in Proteus.